For many calibers, we often still call them by their size in inches.
All of these are named by the diameter of the bullet in inches.
eg: .22 means .22 inches.
-rim fire-
.17 hmr
(basically a .22 WMR necked down to .17. rising in popularity as a kind of... more powerful, faster thus flatter trajectory, replacement for longer ranged .22 shooters)
.22 short
(early revolver round, early semi auto round, still used fairly widely for both, today)
.22 long rifle
(still widely used today in carbines and revolvers, as well as down caliber'd variants or kits for 'meaner' looking semi-autos)
.22 WMR
(.22 lr, but magnum. big boy .22)
-center fire-
.223
(the 5.56 before the 5.56 was NATO standardized. very short summary: they basically just put more gunpowder in a .223, and called that 5.56x45. many in the US still use weapons that are made for .223... but you're gonna want to upgrade your barrel to something that can handle the greater gun powder in 5.56 if you are not a fan of your gun exploding in your face when you fire it)
.38
(many variants of this exist, most notably the .38 ACP for semi autos, and the .38 special for revolvers)
.40, or 'forty cal'
(early attempt at making something meaner than a 9x19mm, led by the FBI, less generally popular today, but was very popular with the FBI for a while)
.45 ACP
(the caliber of the iconic Colt 1911)
.300 blackout
(an 'intermediary' round that is between the NATO 5.56 and 7.62, often used with suppressed weapons)
.357 magnum
(very, very common revolver round. Sig Sauer actually at one point made a .357 sig for use in semi autos... don't think anyone really uses those any more)
30-30, or 'thirty thirty'
(lever action carbine round, been around for over 100 years, like the .357, probably not going away anytime soon, as the lever actions that shoot them have not only remained fairly popular, but also are currently having a bit of a rennaissance with many gun makers in more legally restrictive states offering 'tactical' lever actions with modern housing, collapsable stocks, optics mounts etc)
30.06, or 'thirty ought six'
(basically, a 7.62 NATO that's 12 mm longer, used to be standard in military springfield rifles, also used in the BAR, still used by many hunters today in some kind of rifle)
.338 Lapua Magnum
(specialized sniper rifle round... if you don't count 50 BMG or even larger, anti-materiel rounds, the lapua has the longest recorded, confirmed sniper kill in history... though this may possibly now be incorrect as of the RussoUkraine conflict... point is, its a very capable sniper cartridge, good deal of wealthier US hunters and long range target shooting enthusiasts love it as well)
.410
(for some estoeric reason, this skinnier shotgun round is not referred to with the standard 'gauge' nomenclature)
.44 magnum
(dirty harry's revolver caliber, which will take your head clean off, assuming you do not feel lucky)
45-70
(older, fuck off huge revolver / lever action round)
'50 cal'
(can refer to either the .50 AE, famously used in the Desert Eagle, or the .50 BMG, used in the 'Ma Deuce' M2 Browning Heavy Machine Gun, and the Barret M82 Anti Materiel Rifle)
...
I've almost certainly missed a good number, point being, us American gun nuts... and/or gun nerds... yeah we learned metric, but we still use inches/imperial all the damn time.
We really only call NATO standardized rounds by mm. 9mm, 5.56mm, 7.62mm... and I guess the 6.8 grendel, and newer 6.8x51mm round the Sig Spear / M7 uses... and also I guess we size grenade launcher rounds in mm, but uh, ....civillians generally don't get live grenade launcher rounds in the US.
We had to draw the line somewhere rofl, and apparently it is grenade launchers, hahahah.
M'erican here. My workshop is 100% metric. I do far too much measuring, designing and planning to fuck around with inches, feet and football fields. Motherfuck the imperial system. America has been robbed of the superior until of measurement. Every last bit of my work is in millimeters and it will be that way until I die in a horrible firey accident in my shop because beer and dangerous power tools are just too much fun when taken together.
The only thing I will hand to the imperial system is how it uses inches. Then again that's really a part of the system but of its practical use.
What I like is the use of parts of inches. Especially the fractions which are powers of two. Very useful. That's a little difficult with the cm and mm because they're already so small. And a dm is quite large on the other hand.
I know my uncle uses inches to make flutes e.g. Supposedly helps with getting things lined up and accurate to tune. I dunno. But yeah. Otherwise, metric ftw.
What I like is the use of parts of inches. Especially the fractions which are powers of two. Very useful. That's a little difficult with the cm and mm because they're already so small.
What? With millimeters you barely have to use fractions because it is so small, how is that a negative? Fractions are also way harder to understand if you need to het precise
If you mean dd-mm-yyyy instead of mm-dd-yyyy, I’d agree it’s superior. That said, other countries have us both with their fully ISO compliant yyyy-mm-dd standard.
Literally all of your food and drinks in America are sold by the metric unit. That's why it is on the packaging. Your "fifth" of vodka is actually 750ml and is not 1/5 of a gallon.
The imperial system makes you a worse shot. Everybody in American stories misses by inches. In European stories, they miss by millimeters. It's quite the difference: 25 times worse.
Hey, we use grams and kilos for...other things too.
It is funny how we're schizophrenic about it, though. Things will go from grams to ounces and then to kilos...or, so I've heard.
Edit: American cars are also kind of schizo like that, or at least they used to be. The engine and everything attached to it was metric and everything else was SAE. Fun times.
Tbf, some other countries are schizophrenic about it, too. The UK uses miles for some distances and km for others, metres for anything more than about a body-length, when it might switch to feet depending on context or location. That doesn’t even broach other (sometimes overlapping) units. Humans are* remarkably inconsistent considering how universally we talk about things relying on measurement.
That's because a lot of American cars were/are using engines made by European or Asian subsidiaries while most of the rest of the car is produced domestically.
Yep. Not sure when that became common, but my late 90s and early 2000s vehicles were like that. My late-model domestic car is all metric, though, so at least Ford standardized.
Oh no, it's worse than that... we use the metric system to measure the customary system...
The Mendenhall Order marked a decision to change the fundamental standards of length and mass of the United States from the customary standards based on those of England to metric standards. It was issued on April 5, 1893, by Thomas Corwin Mendenhall.
[...]
Mendenhall ordered that the standards used for the most accurate length and mass comparison change from certain yard and pound objects to certain meter and kilogram objects, but did not require anyone outside of the Office of Weights and Measures to change from the customary units to the metric system.
Technically every unit in the US customary measurement system is just a weird conversion factor of an equivalent metric unit. At this point 1 yard was defined as 3600/3937 meter, which means 1 inch = 2.54000508 cm. By 1959 everyone finally agreed that this was stupid and redefined it as 1 yard = 0.9144 m (1 inch = 2.54 cm).
All measurements in the US are based on standard reference objects provided by BIPM.
And by "Americans" you mean the companies that manufacture the firearms, right? Or whatever body, if any, that controls what size ammunition cartridges are measured by?
Both are used. If you see caliber after the number it's in 100 of an inch. If you see mm it's metric. (Though caliber refers to barrel diameter and can be expressed in imperial or metric). So a 45 caliber is 0.45 inches or about 11.5mm.
NATO has standardised on a few round types so they can share supplies between countries. The NATO 7.62×51mm round is very similar to the .308 and they can usually be interchanged.
As an engineer who dabbles in machining, that checks out. What really grinds my gears (sometimes literally) is how sometimes people use fractions of an inch and sometimes people use decimals.
I don’t understand. A 5.56mm round has a .223 bullet. .223 is the caliber and is in inches already, no math required. .223 / 100 =0.00223 which isn’t particularly useful.
9mm Parabellum was designed by Austrian George Luger
10mm Auto was designed by FFV Norma AB of Sweden
5.56 NATO was developed in Belgium by FN Herstal, as was 5.7mm
7.62×39mm was developed by the Soviets
These European cartridges all use metric measurements
.223 Remington, .308 Winchester, .30-06 Springfield, .40 Smith & Wesson, .22lr, .357 Smith & Wesson Magnum, .44 Remington Magnum are all American made cartridges that use decimals of Imperial measurements
Original designer’s name gets includes because, well, capitalism lol
I think one of the few exceptions might be 6.5mm Creedmoor, developed by Hornady