In the 1920s, many Mexicans were fired from their jobs due to intense anti-immigrant racism and the great depression.
Private and city local agents would show up at some people's door with train tickets in hand, and say "pack your bags and get on this train."
Hence the air quotes around "deported".
At first, most American Mexicans left "voluntarily":
They wanted to escape racism and find work.
The Mexican government promised them free land, as well, further pushing many to leave.
Many of the American citizens that left were the children of non-citizens, whose parents made them leave.
It wasn't until later the federal government got involved, and comparatively fewer (90k, still a lot) were deported forcibly.
Interestingly, this is a common trend when we look at anti-immigrant action. The federal government is rarely the actor that does most of the damage. Most of the action comes from extremely racist MAGA-type populists going around burning property and attacking people en masse. See also the Chinese Exclusion Act.
The federal government is rarely the actor that does most of the damage. Most of the action comes from extremely racist MAGA-type populists going around burning property and attacking people en masse. See also the Chinese Exclusion Act.
This is the way "authorities" work. They sit quiet while the "unofficial volunteers" wreak havoc. If the authorities disagree with a groups actions they make take action against them. Otherwise inaction means they tacitly support it.
Both the Nazis in Germany and the Nats in South Africa was inspired by the US's white supremacism-drenched society.
However, it is simply not fair to blame the US for all this. White supremacism seems to be the defining feature of (so-called) "Western" civilization - one could argue that the very concept of a "West" would collapse without it.
Oh there's not point on following this around. The entire thing was a complete shitshow coming from all sides of an echo-chamber of elites through the entire world. There's no point on trying to poin-point it at the "West" either, as it wasn't restricted into there.
It's much better to just accept that elitization like there existed at the end of the 19th and beginning of the 20th century will almost certainly lead to some kind of atrocity and must be fought against.