Where conspiracy theories come from

Man, I really, really wish the writers had the foresight and carefulness in their writing to come up with some acceptable phlebotinum justifying why transporter clones and other various transporter transformations not just don't, but indeed can't happen.

I get that it makes for some plotlines, but it also makes for so much idiotic fridge logic. Like "why don't they save a pattern buffer copy of EVERY away team in case of emergency" or "why isn't the federation using a volunteer clone army for military engagements" or indeed what we here.

Or even "why isn't federation surgery just loading someone into the transporter buffer then editing their XML to fix the injury".

And don't even get me started by the wasted potential of holography, especially during and post-Voyager.

Or at least DISCO had used its 31st century setting to explore sci-fi concepts around any of these ideas. Like full on Iain M Banks The Culture, restoring people from their most recent mind state back up.
The T.O.G. has a moratorium on unauthorized cloning, and you DON'T. EVER. disobey T.O.G. directives.
- Honestly, I can almost buy that explanation.
  ...until you realize that even the Jem'Hadar won't do it. They had transporters, right? I could maybe buy that the Romulans, Cardassians, and Klingons would refuse to do it based on some combination of pride and honor, maybe. I could never buy that an organization like Section 31 wouldn't, though, or any number of the monster-of-the-week species.
They did a resurrection in Star Trek lower decks
One which, I imagine, will only ever be hinted at, but never embraced.

You would think Troi would have learned by now never to ask Barclay such a question!:-O

She probably asked "How are you feeling, Reg?"
- "Guilty about what I did to you 10 minutes ago in the holodeck"
- OMG you are probably right! :-P

O'Brien has access to this power, but chooses not to extend his own suffering. He already got sentenced to one extra life, and that was enough for him

But how do you maintain youth without also losing that knowledge if this is done by making copies of yourself?

It's already established that transporters can edit someone's DNA, so that would be a way to prevent aging and treating genetic diseases. If you have a way to duplicate the buffers then you could make a backup for cases when someone dies from an accident at the cost of a few hours of memories.
Uhhh... ask Keiko...

So they can store people in the buffer like in the new Star Trek or can they make copies of people

TNG s6e4 "Relics" demonstrated the ability to sustain a buffer pattern almost indefinitely.
- Voyager did it too when they were smuggling the telepaths through devore space
  And SNW with the
  ::: spoiler spoiler
  doctor's sick daughter
  :::
It was always my understanding, that people are stored digitally in the transporter buffer, so of course they could be stored there for extended periods of time. That's also why I was surprised when people argued that you cant copy people with the teleporter. For me it always was a remote replicator

I like to think this is the prequel to the Barclay greentext about committing suicide via launching a giant Troi at himself