I think that might be too broad for what OP is asking, though I don't know the answer. Their example has the narrator directly addressing the audience in a manner that acknowledges the existence of a reader for them to be addressing. Specifically they refer to a "you" which would be the reader. It's a bit like the term "4th wall breaking" in cinema although not quite the same as that either. Just "narration" means an entity, be it a character, or the author, or voice of God is telling the story and as it says in your link, is something present in all written literary works, but they won't necessarily acknowledge their audience, which is the unique characteristic they're trying to identify.
It most likely is. I know we colloquially would refer to this as breaking the 4th wall but I don't know the real terminology for this in written literature. I do like all of the various answers everyone has provided. It's made for some interesting reading.
While that's also what I'd call it, it's a bit of a misnomer. The fourth wall is an acting term that refers to actors not interacting beyond the invisible wall that separates them from the audience. There isn't really any such rule that says an author can't address their readers directly in that way.
It's a "second person" point of view, where the narrator addresses you, the reader, directly.
Unlike in TV/movies, and sometimes in writing "breaking the fourth wall", instead of a character turning to the audience, this shattering the fiction of a "fourth wall", in 2nd person, it's the narrator.
It can sometimes be a character narrating, but that usually takes on a sort of storytelling motif, where a character is telling you a story about what happened to them.
The Deadpool movies flow back and forth between all these things frequently, as an example.