That lava already has to break through literal kilometres of rock to get there. A few hundred (let’s be generous) extra meters of pourable rock ain’t gonna do shit.
Not to mention the average normal size of an opening you’d have to plug to begin with. Even if it didn’t just drain down the hole or dissolve the moment it got to lava, it would be a ludicrous amount of concrete just to make a layer a few feet thick. Even if you did manage to make a plug a hundred or more feet deep and it didn’t melt or move, an eruption would likely just blow the mountain apart from around it.
All you'd need is ultra fast drying lava-proof concrete. I'm surprised no one has thought of that yet. Then once the crater vent is fully plugged you would just need to coat the rest of the mountain in the same concrete. Voila, problem solved.
Or as the guy at bike shop put it "no you can't put duct tape on your pierced tyre. If a nail got through rubber, its probably gonna also get through tape."