Counties with animal feeding operations have more air pollution, less health insurance coverage

Animal feeding operation (AFO) includes more than just factory farms, but most animal agriculture happens in factory farms in both the US and globally. At least in terms of number of farm animals

Concentrated animal feeding operation (CAFO) is usually the sanitized term for factory farm though it may exclude some places you'd might call factory farms because it's a term primarily based around the number of farm animals per location

I don't think that one is implied to be causational. I think this is saying that these communities are even more likely to feel the negative effects because of that regardless of the exact reason why this happens to be the case