So I am currently rewatching Stargate SG1 and thinking about certain things that always rub me the wrong way when watching or reading SciFi. Now, I know that Stargate in particular doesn't really take itself too seriously and shouldn't be scrutinized too much. It's also a bit older. But there are still some things that even modern SciFi-Worlds featuring outer space and aliens have or lack, that always slightly rub me the wrong way. I would love to hear your opinion.
Lack of any form of camera surveillance technology
I mean, come on, the Goa'uld couldn't figure out a way to install their equivalent of cameras all over their battle ships in order to monitor it? They have forms of video/picture transmitting technology. Star Trek also seems to lack any form of video surveillance. (I'm not up to date with the newest series.) Yes, I get that having a crew member physically go to a cargo bay and check out the situation is better for dramatic purposes. But it always rubs me the wrong way that they have to do that. I would just love to see a SciFi-Series set in space where all space ships are equipped with proper camera technology. Not just some vague "sensor" that tells the crew "something is wrong, but you will still have to physically go there and see it for yourself". I want the captain of a space ship to have access to the 200,000 cameras strategically placed all over the ship to monitor it.
Languages
I have studied linguistics, learned several foreign languages and lived in a foreign country for a while, so my perspective is influenced by that. I always find it weird when everybody "just talks English". Yes, I get that it's easier to write stories in which all characters can just freely interact with each other. But it's always so weird to me when an explorer comes to a foreign planet and everybody just talks their language. At least make up an explanation for it! "We found this translator device in the space ship that crashed on earth". There you go.
I love the Stargate Movie where Daniel Jackson figures out how to communicate with the people on Abydos. During the series most worlds will just speak English, with some random words in other languages thrown in. As someone interested in linguistics I love Stargate for how much it features deciphering languages, though I still find it weird when they go to another world and everybody just speaks English.
Humanoid aliens
Especially with modern CGI I would just love to shows get more creative when it comes to alien races. We don't need a person in a costume anymore. Every once in a while you will have that weird alien pop up, but all in all I feel like there's still a lot of potential. Also changes in Human physiology due to different environmental conditions on foreign planets.
That being said, I would also like to mention some SciFi-titles that in my mind stand out for being very creative in this regard:
The writing of Julie Czerneda is very creative when it comes to alien species. She was a biologist and uses her knowledge to create a wide variety of alien life forms
The forever war (Without spoiling the end, so I'll leave it at that. Just liked it as a creative take on an alien race so different it's incomprehensible to us)
I very much appreciate Douglas Adams for the babel fish.
I also liked The expanse for including the development of a Belter language and changes in human physiology due to different gravity.
What do you think? Do you know any good examples of SciFi-Worldbuilding, that solve some common inconsistencies?
(Edited because it looked weird :P)
Also, I rembered one more thing: I have two serious food allergies and I always cringe when I see characters take some random food from an alien civilisation and eat. It's especially bad right now while rewatching Stargate. SG1 just keeps happily eating and drinking anything that is offered and there are so many scenes of them eating without asking much. Maybe it's just because I can't even do that in my own society and am so used to always asking "What is in it? Can I eat it?" Although some shows have good solutions like standard nutrient packs in a military context or food replicators that create any food you want.
This is a common complaint, but it deserves to be mentioned frequently: exploding control panels. This is especially a problem in Star Trek. Are circuit breakers a lost technology?
It gets really bad in ST Discovery, especially in the last season. Any time the ship gets into trouble, a cascade of sparks starts falling down. It looks like a waterfall made of sparks. The bridge basically looks like a KISS concert.
Not just circuit breakers, but why are high powered circuits being used in the habitable parts of the ship?
Even modern cars no longer run high amperage circuits to the driver's controls. Back in the old days, you turn on the lights, the light switch carried a full 12v and a lot of current to control relays. Today, the light switch and turn signal stalk use a signal circuit to tell a body control module what to do.
The bridge of a Star Trek ship should have control panels running on the future equivalent of 5 volt signal circuits that tells a distant and well shielded control module to switch the ultra high powered circuits.
That leads me to the one thing that has always bothered me about Star Trek and its transporters and replicators. E=MC^2... When a replicator creates food or an object, it would take at least the same amount of energy to make, as it would if the same amount of mass were destroyed in a nuclear reaction. That DOES mean in areas where those devices are installed there ARE ultra high powered circuits (EPS conduits) in the wall. So high powered that they have the equivalent of multiple nuclear explosions flowing through them every second... YIKES.
In and of itself, I don't mind it, but I'm mildly annoyed by most having some form of FTL travel. That's why The Expanse was so refreshing for me.
Like, I get it. Having FTL drive (or comparable ways to go vast distances in short times) allows a larger universe for the characters. It's also, I would imagine, easier to write since the writers wouldn't have to deal with the vast scales, time dilation, and asynchronous events happening in different parts of the galaxy/story.
For comparison, The Expanse worked because it was all within our solar system. In the Revelation Space series (book), humans are doing interstellar travel, but they're in cryo the whole trip, and the journey takes years. The author formerly worked for the ESA and pretty much had to show his work every step of the way to get all the characters together on the same planets at the same time.
So yeah, I get why we don't see that more often (especially in TV series with less accredited writers), but it would be nice to see it once in a while nonetheless.
For some reason, when Cibola Burns came out, Jefferson Mays was unavailable, so another person narrated it. I think it was Erik Davies, but cannot remember, the book has since been redone by Jefferson.
I stopped and returned the book when the narrator pronounced "cumin" as something a teenager does into a Kleenex. Which, to be fair, is actually an appropriate pronunciation of the word, per Webster's dictionary, I've never heard anyone else pronounce it that way before. There were A LOT of other issues with the guy's narration. His cadence, voicing, along with pronunciation was absolutely atrocious. By far the worst narrator I have personally encountered.
Jefferson Mays needs to have someone go through and coach him on pronunciation. Otherwise, his cadence, pacing, voicing are all pretty good. Certainly not an S tier narrator, but pretty solid and he gives "The Expanse" books the tone that they need.
Only for the first 6 books or so, was listening to Persepolis a few weeks ago and had to do a double take when the reader finally pronounced it with the hard g ("gim ball").
I figured it couldn't be any worse than the Black Prism reader absolutely butchering javelina (ordinarily the J makes an H sound) a few books in
Space travel takes years. One trick is to slow down the crews metabolism so that a five year voyage feels like five weeks. The ship's AI 'wakes up' crew when an emergency occurs. If you were not 'awoken' you'd see your crewmate suddenly vanish and then reappear a moment later.
Revelation Space series does not have FTL, but in its place, an engine that can produce 1G indefinitely (not manufactured anymore, powered by handwavium, it seems... but the secret is revealed in one of the short stories). There is further shenanigans with physics, but never FTL.
It definitely adds more nuance to the world, because now you can't have interstellar empires if you cannot communicate over large distances.
I forget the exact hand-wavium, but something like a contained black hole kept in check by a child's brain. A child who volunteered for the task.
There is further shenanigans with physics
Yeah, and I really liked that subplot, too. In Star Trek, inertial dampeners are just a handwave device. But in RS, they explored humanity's experiments with manipulating inertia and the gruesome results when pushed too far. Probably one of my favorite chapters of Redemption Ark.
One of the funniest episodes of the Men In Black cartoon was J trying to adjust to MIB's 37 hour day.
But it shows a problem; in most sci-fi not only are all the aliens 1.8 meters tall with five fingers and a larynx that can mimic human speech, they all come from world's with a 24 hour day. Actually, to get nerdier, most cultures with a sun would probably have a 24 hour day based on them using circular sun dials. But the length of the hours would vary.
Another thing that annoys me is when an author comes up with a fantastic idea and uses it once. There's a Poul Anderson story I read in high school that I always wanted to see developed. A group of time travelers from 3854 AD go back to meet da Vinci. They get captured by a baron who tortures them into revealing all their secrets.
The baron and his family set up an estate in 20,000 BC and maraud through time.
most cultures with a sun would probably have a 24 hour day based on them using circular sun dials
The use of 24 (really its 2 12 part divisions of day and night) is arbitrary. They could really use any numbering system.
The reason we use 12 and 60 is from the babylonians. We think they used base 12 and 60 because of body part counting. Each digit of the hand minus the thumb is divided into 3 parts. That gives you 12 then each finger on the opposite hand gives you 5 of each 12 count giving you base 60. If an alien has different parts, which they will, they wouldn't necessarily use the same numbers.
But it shows a problem; in most sci-fi not only are all the aliens 1.8 meters tall with five fingers and a larynx that can mimic human speech, they all come from world's with a 24 hour day.
Yeah! Lamp-shading this trend is one of the ways that Farscape shines.
While Farscape is still frequently guilty of this trope, it's fun that at least the human main character is often scolded by peers for his human-anatomy-centric biases.
Sounds and non-newtonian physics in space flight. You wouldn't hear rumbling engines or lasers shooting in space. You also wouldn't need to keep burning your thrusters after you've accelerated towards your destination.
Yeah I will say it's fun to point out the plot holes whenever comparing it to the real world. But as you get older you realize. I don't want writers to care about this stuff unless it is in service to the story. That's the problem with a lot of new scifi. Is worrying about this stuff and always calling back to previous series is what bogs down storying telling. If your story is good I don't care about the holes.
I would like to see someone re-do Star Trek from the ground up. Get rid of all existing alien races and story lines. Start with a brand new ship and a different confederation of races.
I get what you mean, but on the other hand I want to be able to out myself into the story and relate to the characters. If the characters are behaving in a dumb way or the problems they face are too unrealistic, that takes away from the enjoyment.
Let me put it like that: I can suspend my disbelieve to accept that an allien artifact can create a wormhole to another planet or that intelligent parasitic life forms exist. I find it hard to believe the US military would send poeple to alien planets without cautioning them about eating the local food. Because to me it is inconsistent with the premise: A military operation would at least address this problem in some form.
As I said, it's just a minor annoyance to me, not a big plot hole or anything. But I find it hard to enjoy media where part of the storytelling is based on the premise "let's just assume this advanced human/alien civilisation hasn't thought about an easy solution that we have been using for decades".
"I find it hard to believe the US military would send poeple to alien planets without cautioning them about eating the local food."
I laughed hard when I saw this sentence. I guess you have not been around the military much. The military puts solders, sailors , marines, and airmen through class after class to not do stupid shit when deployed or even state side and they still do stupid shit and get article 15s or worse arrested.
Star Trek also seems to lack any form of video surveillance.
In the Star Trek: The Next Generation series premier Encounter at Farpoint, Riker comes aboard later on after several plot-relevant events. To bring him up to speed, he's seated in front of a viewscreen and watches what has happened up to that point, basically the first part of the episode. Of course, this sort of thing is never used in the series again, but it's kind of interesting.
My main gripe is a lot of plots have too much high stake events solved by improbable happenings?
Why save the earth when one can save a meadow? I would love to see a story about a group of people trying to prevent nano technology from entering a park, and the social backlash when they try.
Why do nearly impossible things within a certain time, when one can have more humble happenings?
Space battles are cool but does the main character have to save the ship, fleet or day? Isn’t it enough to save one’s squad?
"From Russia, With Love" has, imho, the best script of any of the Bond movies. The McGuffin in the movie is a decoder. No A-bombs pointed at NYC, just a pretty routine Cold War assignment.
What annoys me is that science fiction is that some of the biggest writers don't seem to know any women IRL. If Robert Heinlin or Cixin Lu had to write a believable woman character to bring them food and water, they'd be dead in three days.
That's true. I already mentioned Julie E. Czerneda, her books have female main characters that are pretty well written. I'd recommend looking into her books.
Distance. Almost every SciFi completely fails to represent distance even remotely closely.
This isn't a gripe about FTL, it's a gripe about non-FTL! Fancy FTL avoids the problem.
Star trek does it quite well in most cases, it takes days at warp foo to get anywhere. Voyager took years.
New Star wars butchers it; e.g. The Mandalorian episode with the no lightspeed/hyperspace plot device: oh no it took hours/days to get between star systems. Days! Imagine taking days to travel unfathomable distances!
New Dune (KJA's books) inexcusably get it wrong. Claiming that "slow" travel between systems took months.
The mote in God's eye does it extremely well with its pairs of jump points (shoutout to Mass Effect here too). Sometimes it's quicker to use a jump point to another system, crawl to another (nearer) jump point and then jump back to the first sytem rather than crawl directly across the original system.
It takes light very long time to travel across our solar system, let alone interstellar distances. It's like these writers have never even considered how long a container ship on earth takes to travel and still be viable.
I've been listening to the audiobook of Dirk Van den Boem "Sternkreuzer Proxima" ("Starcruiser Proxima", couldn't find the actual English titel on a quick search). He has some very good descriptions of the gruelingly long times any maneuver in space takes. Also being cramped in a small space ship with no fresh air, tasteless food rations and not knowing what is going to happen, while your ship and the enemy ship spend the next 50 hours getting in position for their attack.
Starships in Star Trek have three systems for propulsion: thrusters, impulse, and warp. Oh, and in my head, nothing exists after Bakula's Enterprise, the era of star ships dogfighting like fighter jets flooding the screen with beam spam "isn't my father's Star Trek" and isn't mine either.
In TOS through ENT, we see;
Warp Drive is the FTL technology in this setting; when at warp the stars themselves seem to whiz by like signs on a highway. The exact details of what warp factor means what actual speed change over time; Warp 10 is and isn't an absolute speed limit, trans-warp drive is a thing USS Excelsior has, and then something only the Borg have...generally the bigger the warp number, the more desperate the plot is. Urgent plot point! Helm, warp 8, engage! Episode is over and the status quo has resumed. Helm, set a course for somewhere, warp 2, engage.
Thrusters are barely able to move the ship and are used for docking maneuvers or when the ship has had the snot beat out of it and nothing works; the thrusters never break so they are always at least barely able to move.
Impluse power is also depicted inconsistently. In plot delivered by dialog, the ship can move at like a quarter of the speed of light under impulse power; they sometimes talk about doing short trips under impulse to the next planet or star system over; yet when we visually see ships maneuvering under impulse, they're acting like watercraft chugging along at 10 or 20 knots, slowly hoving in and out of space dock as if "1/4 impulse power" meant "all ahead slow." If full impulse power moves the ship at 0.25c, leaving space dock under 1/4 impulse should look more like THIS.
I love how the different special effects recontextualizes the actors' performances.
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New topic: my favorite sci-fi mode of FTL travel is from the Battletech franchise. Jumpships are able to teleport anywhere within 30 light years of their present position in a matter of seconds, though they're delicate and need to stay pretty far outside of a gravity well for safety, so they tend to hang out far outside the plane of the ecliptic above or below a star, recharging the engine via solar power. The trick is flying to and from the jumpship, which is done on a dropship which spends half the time accelerating at 1G, and half the time decelerating at 1G, because "fusion rockets" can do that.
A journey from Earth (called "Terra" in-universe) to some planet within 30 light years will take a week or so on the dropship on the way to the jumpship, a few seconds in hyperspace, and then a week or so on the dropship on the way down to the planet. Need to go farther than 30 light years? You either have to have set up a series of jumpships ready to do a relay race, or your jumpship has to take half a week to recharge its batteries to jump again.
They even treat communications semi-realistically; there are special space radios called HPGs which kind of use jump drive technology to instantly send a message to another HPG within 50 light years, or you can hand the message to someone who is getting on a dropship, or you have radio as we know it now complete with speed of light delay. And unless Michael Stackpole is writing, it's depicted as pretty consistent. (In one of the Blood of Kerensky books, Stackpole has the Wolf's Dragoons jump into low orbit of Luthien "inside the orbit of our nearest moon" which per established fiction shouldn't have worked for a couple different reasons.)
That's exactly the kind of scenario I can buy into.
Especially the communications: couriers become the norm again. In-system lightspeed comms are feasible, but interstellar? You'd better send a package that hard way.
I especially like the gravity constraint. Iain M. Banks' novel The Algebraist works on a similar principle. Pairs of portals can be created, but you need to po physically tow the other portal to its destination in real space/time.
Becky Chambers wrote 4 books that did a really good job of exploring different species getting by with their differences not just in culture, but also in things like how they speak (one species has 5 vocal chords, so you literally cannot speak their language) or 'how does publich transit account for different butt shapes?'
But on to your question on pet peeves:
throwing science-y words out there that make no sense is probably my biggest.
deus ex-machina - getting saved at the knick of time by something showing up without warning, but that's just bad writing. I actually like how the Orville series removed transporters as a tech. It's actually a bad plot device.
but yeah, like you said, things that are obvious but are removed from the show, like cameras
Yeah, big shout-out to Becky Chambers, the wayfarer series is truly excellent. I think the second book was my favorite, raising a teenager is frustrating and scary, and it seems that doesn't really change when they're an AI. It also remains a constant when the teen is human and parent is an AI. Brilliant.
Language drives me nuts too. I believe in Star trek the badges translate in real time? Best explanation I ever saw (read) was hitchhikers guide. The babel fish "eats" language and poops out brainwaves or whatever to the receiver. I probably got the details wrong but it's close enough and hilarious to boot.
Camera thing is another I hate. Obviously for the drama but I mean they can pull up video on the main window of the enterprise to the engineering room, captains room, even other ships but can't see the biggest point of entry??
Star Trek has a common language in the federation or not? It would be cool if they encountered a new species and get out their communicators, record for a bit and have an AI figure out the new language. Wouldn't take up a lot of screen time and explain the communication.
There's a couple of scenes I think in enterprise that shows the linguistics person programming something like that actually. Been many years since I watched it (it's been a long road lol) but I recall that scene.
This is why Darmok is peak sci-fi. It discusses what happens when species can’t communicate with one another. It even works within the in-show explanation of the universal translator: the Tamarians don’t just use different vocabulary and syntax. They have an entirely different language model.
To your second point, I think the Universal Translator in Star Trek is the best explanation. Not only does it make for more convenient television, but it seems like such a well thought-out invention that would actually exist in the future. Like why make everyone learn one language and wipe out all the history/culture behind the others when you can just let everyone do their own thing.
When MC find himself to other side of galaxy in alien spaceships with prisoners escaping he is injected by a little icon robot with nanobot (or something like that) enabling him to understand any language.
Just before he is injected other characters are speaking alien and you don't understand them and gradually (but in a matter of 15/30 secs) after injection you start to hear aliens speaking English. I believe they even specifically speak about the technology.
Look at Species of Farscape #8 – Translator Microbes it is explained better and there is a short video. Too bad you don't see him injected/shot but you got alien explaining how it works.
Can't believe no one has mentioned this yet but my big one is physics in microgravity. There are some that do it well (like obv Apollo 13 given how they filmed it, and The Expanse is usually pretty good about it too) and plenty that it doesn't really matter but there's a bunch of movies and tv shows that hang major plot points on poorly thought out physics. The worst offender imo was ironically the movie Gravity, where a major character dies because apparently when two people are tethered to each other in zero-g and the line goes taut they don't just bounce back towards each other, oh no, because there's an extra special force that keeps pulling on the futher person so he has to make some dramatic self sacrifice. I was so sad because that movie looked really amazing from a cinematography perspective and obviously a lot of people loved it regardless but i just couldn't get past how dumb that and a few other scenes were.
Definitely agree about Gravity. Beautiful to watch, completely unrealistic (which wouldn't have been such a problem if they weren't pitching it as ultra-realistic!)
The camera thing drives me nuts, because we all know it's generally just going to be what's drives the plot for this story. Which is okay.
But as a privacy nerd, my brain immediately concocts some deeply weird privacy law to explain why main engineering is monitored 24/7 and the front door is somehow not. Then my brain starts trying to come up with the relevant moments in the fictional history why the laws are so broken...
And even if, for example, the Federation had such privacy laws, it should be pretty much impossible to hide on a Cardassian ship because you know they're all about that surveillance state.
Yeah. The Cardassian cases are the most headache-inducing. My mind-canon for those is just "Gul Dukat thought it would be funny."
Edit: With an occasional splash of "Garak the Simple Tailor messed with the system and no one was willing to admit they didn't know how to fix it." Which doesn't hold up on DS9, where Odo would have, but works for various Cardassian locations.
I like that. They had a ton of cameras on all Star Trek ships - but then a scandal involving sex tapes and an illegal porn trade between Star Fleet officers happened and cameras in Star Fleet ships were completely outlawed.
You might enjoy the book "Blindsight" by Peter Watts.
It does a phenomenal job telling a very unique first contact story. I can't remember if cameras are much of a plot point (I think they use them occasionally), but one of the characters is a linguist, and the aliens are distinctly non-human.
Since Stargate is my go-to scifi I'm kinda offended at the "doesn't take itself too seriously". Sure it's not as hard on the science as The Expanse (you know, except for the magic portals to other stars), but it feels like it takes itself pretty seriously. There are obvious bottle episodes that were probably written for other shows and shoe-horned in because they were cheap to buy and produce.
For #2, I think this would get pretty old pretty fast, not to mention that they have to fit everything into runtime constraints. Every new planet the team spends months researching the new language. Sure, you could handwave it (we found a Goa'uld translator just laying around), but that would be back to just one language. Since the Stargate presents an instant transportation rather than the days/months/years of starship travel it would make sense that languages stay fairly consistent as people move from planet to planet.
For #3, they pretty much handwave this in SG-1 as the majority of planets in the Milky Way were repopulated by the ancients in their image, and others were transferred from Earth.
In a more realistic Stargate, they wouldn't need a different language for every planet. Just a different dialect of Egyptian or Goa'uld. Which is something that I would expect the SGC to be able to create an effective automatic translator to bridge.
I really appreciate a lack of ansible tech. Having to account for the speed of light in communication makes for better story telling, IMHO
My favorite examples of limited communication speed are the Lost Fleet books by John G. Hemry writing as Jack Campbell, and the Battletech franchise.
In the Lost Fleet, they are limited to realistic communications. When they jump into a star system, they gather Intel but it's often pointed out that what their telescopes see and radios hear is X hours old based on the distance. There's a lot of talk in battles about predicting where something will be at a certain time or trying to device the enemy by pulling fake maneuvers. When they want to communicate back home, they need to send picket ships to carry the message.
In Battletech, there is a common method of FTL communication between worlds, but not at smaller scales. When the writers remember it, we hear about the same kind of delays in Intel as in the Lost Fleet. The FTL comms are monitored by a sometimes hostile polity, so top secret stuff will be communicated by spacecraft pony express, and there have been some attempts to come up with other comm methods.
I'm curious how everyone gets here about the languages in the original star wars trilogy?
Secondly, in one of the ex expanded universe series, leia and chewbacca go back to kashyyk and Leia can understand the wookie mayor much better than she can chewbacca.
It's explained that the mayor actually has a speech impediment, which makes him easier to understand than most wookies
What do you think? Do you know any good examples of SciFi-Worldbuilding, that solve some common inconsistencies?
There's some good stuff in Adrian Tchaikovsky's Children of Time series about non-human intelligence and societies that I found compelling and very thoughtfully composed. It comes from a grounded place, and especially the first two books do a great job of building up concepts of civilizations that feel truly foreign but make a lot of sense in the universe. The difficulties in cross-species communication are addressed and made to be a focus and feel realistic. I'm being deliberately vague because part of the fun of the books is seeing how far things go.
"Humane Treatment", " Human rights", "I'm doing this for the good of humanity". When there are heaps of non human species but the writers keep reffering to "human" traits everyone else clearly has.
Large ships that ply the stars at super luminal speeds. These ships are equipped with massive energy weapons capable of pulverizing planets. Powered by systems that use anti-matter, or ultra exotic inter-dimensional matter.
Yet, for some reason the ship is constrained on energy and is unable to keep all the lights on, or the crew has to conform to "energy conservation protocols" (ST TOS), or there isn't enough power available to keep the ship at a habitable temperature (BSG).
Life support would not even be a rounding error on the power output of some of the systems described in Sci fi.
I understand why they do this with language but when it happens for the first time in a show I can't help but get distracted by it. I don't have a better solution though...
That's a cool concept, hadn't heard of it. Nanotech might also be an option for this. You have a bunch of nanobots in your brain and when you encounter a new language, some AI will decipher it and rewire your brain to understand it.
Oh, I have the same gripes and more, so in my roleplaying campaign that has later turned into a book:
Characters have to conspire, mostly outside of their ship, just to have a chance at a secret away from the surveillance. Two characters that are no strangers to oppressive surveillance manage to maintain exactly one secret, but its hours are inherently numbered and it takes a lot to happen to make it last, what, an entire day?
Alien language is one of the central problems, despite it being phenomenally trivial (and following a decidedly indoeuropean sentence structure only because the readers also need to comprehend it). All characters not preselected for fluency in it outright don't speak it, there are just three of them on-screen, implied to be the best of the best. They then proceed to mess it up big time while messing it up, recursively, multi-track drifting style. Phonetics is mutually unpronounceable, but intelligible both ways, yet over the course of the entire story both sides attain only barely passable and generally unreliable listening proficiency. They mostly get by in alien writing. And alien writing isn't even exactly linear, because
Anatomically, aliens are lizard-like. Unless your world building justifies aliens being related to humans, humanoid aliens are utter cringe.
Allergies are, uh, let's just say one results in a pivotal plot point. Standard nutrient packs are a thing; people are shown to get creative with them on day two, yet not a single soul ever attempts munching any alien flora or fauna, lol. Not being utter morons about what they eat doesn't automatically mean they're safe either.
Translation is available, and the problem is not even studying the alien language, it's that it doesn't really help bridge the cultural mismatch; if anything, "knowing" the language is a bit of a disservice here because the inherent crudeness of the translation only compounds the misunderstandings pileup. Blue/orange morality doesn't help it either: the question of how does one translate what was originally mistaken for alienese for "good" is, uh, an annoyingly recurring one.
No technology available in abundance is used in an even remotely reasonable manner. The very idea of being rational about using Tech X makes no sense if Tech X ain't rationed. Abundant resources are gonna be used willy-nilly, period.
Competence is scarce, doubly so when anything goes off-script.
People are absurd. Groups of people are next-level absurd. Don't even get me started on societies. Fiction involving all three that isn't woven almost entirely from blunders upon blunders is, likely, bland competence porn. Now add a second species to the mix and there's no ceiling to the absurdity now. At this point, getting a point across the interspecies barrier, let alone cooperating on a thing, becomes unrealistic by default. Successful willful interspecies cooperation is, at the very least, a hard-earned success worth celebrating in-universe. And that's if the species are interested in said cooperation.
(non-sci-fi)
A story doesn't feature a villain that's a perfect mirror image of the hero, largely because 9a. it doesn't feature any villain. Villains are lame, and so is plot-mandated antagonism. While it's just lazy writing in general, it's particularly unrealistic because
People just don't care that much in general. Yes, I know people have interests and strong opinions on select few subjects, and sometimes these opinions even happen to clash. What are the chances though?
Things generally just don't happen as much as they do in most of the fiction. Real life doesn't have the ambient soundtrack that immediately conveys or foreshadows the importance of the unfolding events. Thus in real life, the perceived importance of events is almost always off. Fiction rhould have it the same: things happen, some might even feel important in the moment, but rarely the ones that mattered.
There's probably more, but such gripes don't usually spring to mind unprompted. Now, when you see them, then they do grind your gears...
Star Trek came up with some workarounds/explanations for things they did due to budget or teck limitations. The transporters so they didn't need to shuttle down, artificial gravity, universal translator and the the story line about the parent species that seeded humanoids on many planets (earth, vulcan, etc).
They would also show 'surveillance video' from time to time when the plot needed it, but it never looked like a surveillance cam took it.
The Webshifter Series might be a good start (Book 1 is Beholder's eye). The main character is a shape shifter, so we get to see the world from the point of view of someone who can change her form between different alien races. The book has a lot of interesting descriptions about her changing senses, e.g. suddenly being able to perceive different colors or having an organ to feel the magnetic field etc.
We live in a time where live action adaptations of classic sci-fi literature are now possible - both technically and financially. But now TBH I find most of it super boring. Been trying to plow through that Foundation series and got to say it just doesn't hold my attention. Same with the William Gibson adaptation the Peripheral. I liked the books but just can't hang with the vids.
There is stuff I like but its rare. Arrival, Raised by Wolves, the Dune movies, a few others.
I do generally enjoy animated adaptations more, and agree with your list.
Arrival - we were rewatching this one evening when my teenager came home with some friends - for reference these are a group who have been watching the "evil bong" movies together, not people I think of as film geeks at all. But Arrival held their interest despite being a slower paced story and 2 of them came back to watch it in full because it just didn't let them go. It's such a good movie.