On my (lineage) phone I can press "emergency " instead of typing the pin, and then reveal emergency contacts and medical information I choose to put there (allergy's, medication etc)
I don't think I installed an app. I assume its a aosp feature.
Maybe not exactly what you're looking for, but this app could be useful someday:
https://github.com/ligi/SurvivalManual
It's also available in F-Droid, but didn't receive any updates for 4 years. It's basically an easily navigatable pdf that tells you what to do in a survival situation