In USA, do unemployment benefits last 6 weeks? Or 6 months?

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It's a state-run program, so it varies. Most states provide up to 26 weeks (6 months). No state provides fewer than 14 weeks.
- What do they base the monthly pay on? Is it minimum wage? or based on what you were already currently earning?
  
  And where does that money come from? who funds it? The previous employer? or the government, taxes?
  
  Again, it varies, but it's usually based on your earnings in the most recent quarter, and is usually funded by your most recent employer.
  
  The money comes from you. Your employer is required to withhold it from you so it’s there if you need it. It’s called UI or unemployment insurance in the tax deductions.
It varies according to state laws but the maximal duration (which is also the most common) is 26 weeks. Alabama only grants 14 weeks.

Sauce: https://money.usnews.com/careers/articles/how-long-does-unemployment-last
- Thank you

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