These ions are created when charged particles from the Sun pelt the lunar surface, causing particles there to react and become negatively charged. Here on Earth, the planet's magnetic field stops these particles from ever reaching the surface.
But since the Moon doesn't have a magnetic field, its surface is extremely vulnerable to these charged particles. Unlike positively charged particles, however, they never make it back into orbit, forcing scientists to study them on the surface instead.
The next step is to send humans to lick them and see if they taste good. Licking the lunar surface could reveal flavors never experienced by man or beast.
Thanks, but yeah, the article just says the following:
The observations could have considerable implications for our understanding of what goes on in other spots in our celestial neighborhood that aren't protected by a magnetic field either.
"These observations on the Moon will help us better understand the surface environment and act as a pathfinder to explore negative ion populations in other airless bodies in the Solar System," NILS principal investigator Martin Wieser explained in the statement, "from planets to asteroids and other moons."
It doesn't really say why negative ions are significant, just that they are found in places without a magnetic field and may help us understand similar places. The research seems more in-depth, and the article send to lack important details.
If you're believing a single thing the fucking Chinese are reporting scientifically from anywhere about any subject whatsoever, I've got a bridge in Brooklyn that I can let you have real cheap
You should always read scientific publications with a healthy dose of scepticism - not because science isn't to be trusted, but because trying to falsify it's results and finding potential issues is an important part of the process.
If you do that, I don't see why you should treat Chinese papers differently. Sure, a country with an authoritarian government with a cultural emphasis on face might produce some papers that aren't factual due to that specifically, but dismissing the scientific output of a nation of over a billion people over that seems backwards.