So how would I go about installing Linux on my shitty $200 refurbished Dell laptop? Would it continue to support my USB docking station with mouse keyboard and three monitors? What about remoting into work?
I don't otherwise particularly do anything on it. No gaming or any such thing.
Might have some trouble if it's a typec dock and the monitors are connected to it. Laptop's own outputs might also be wonky if there's a hybrid gpu setup going on, but support for thosr has improved a ton lately. Mkb should work fine out of the box as long as it's not some unified proprietary bullshit wireless kit with smarfridge integration.
Overall, I would suggest just ripping an image of ubuntu, or pop_os if you got nvidia card, boot off it, just close the installer to try live mode, and see for yourself if everything works. Takes like an hour to do, no installation required. You can even install software, except gpu drivers, as everything would be all wiped on reboot and gpu drivers need reboot, hence popos suggestion as it has them built-in. You can try remmina on it - it's the most common remote control software, supports both rdp and vnc and a bunch of other obscure protocols.
USB docking station should be supported (unless it's one of those external battery ones that plug into the bottom of the laptop).
Remoting into work is fine but depends on the setup. For example, openssh with rdp works fine, can't vouch for other solutions but I'm sure you could get them working.
Edit: I have been informed that displaylink docks require additional software. I didn't even know those were a thing so I don't know how difficult it would be to setup.