!

The artifact is part of a private collection; it's 3 cm long, and it's dated 3rd century AD.

In ancient Rome, magic gems were used as protective amulets and harbingers of good fortune.

The obverse of this gem depicts the cock-headed Anguipes in armor. The reverse shows a mummiform figure with a snake encircling its body.

The inscriptions, a mixture of Latin, Greek and other languages on both sides are typical of magic gems, in that only a few can be recognized as words with semantic meaning (such as seµesea on the front, meaning “eternal sun”). The inscriptions are so called voces mysticae, invocations and secret names, which would only be understood by the spirits themselves who are being invoked.

!

The Orache Moth (Trachea atriplicis) is a species of moth of the family Noctuidae. It is found in all of Europe, east across the Palearctic to the Pacific Ocean and Japan.

The wingspan is 38–42 mm. The length of the forewings is 20–22 mm.

The moth flies from May to October depending on the location.

The larvae feed on herbaceous plants, such as Atriplex, Polygonum aviculare, Chenopodium and Rumex.

A sun bear, highlighting its exceptionally long tongue, which can extend up to 25 cm (10 inches). This adaptation is particularly suited for foraging insects such as termites, ants, and beetle larvae from their nests.

The image also comments on the bear's somewhat human-like facial expression, which may be due to its unique facial musculature and expressive eyes, often leading to anthropomorphic interpretations of its appearance.

The Galaxy Frog (Melanobatrachus indicus) is an incredibly rare Malabar frog and it's one of the most stunning jewels in India’s Western Ghats.

photographer: Hadlee Renjith

!

Baobab trees grow in 32 African countries. They can live for up to 5,000 years, reach up to 30 metres high and up to an enormous 50 metres in circumference.

Baobab trees can provide shelter, food and water for animals and humans, which is why many savannah communities have made their homes near Baobab trees.

Roman rock-crystal icosahedron (20-sided dice) used in fortune-telling. Each face has a Latin letter on it and a corresponding Roman numeral.

Such polyhedral dice were thrown to obtain a number, which was then matched with pre-prepared oracle answers in a divination handbook.

The first modern flushable toilet was invented in 1596 by Sir John Harrington who installed one for his godmother, Elizabeth I.

Occasionally, some brave knights would conduct sneak attacks by entering the castle via the shaft connected to the garderobe. Throughout history, there have been a number of famous people who died on the toilet. Several of them were stabbed from below while in the process of defecating.

These people include King Edmund II of England (30 November 1016), Jaromír Duke of Bohemia (4 November 1035), Godfrey IV Duke of Lower Lorraine (circa. 26-27 February 1076), Wenceslaus III of Bohemia (4 August 1306) and Uesugi Kenshin (19 April 1578).

Experts from a US museum believe it could be one of the oldest examples of advanced surgery. The Museum of Osteology in Oklahoma said the skull is reported to have been that of a man who was injured in battle before undergoing surgery to implant a piece of metal in his head to repair a fracture.

The ring is thought to depict her son, Titus Carvilius Gemello, who passed away at age of 18. Found at the Grottaferrata necropolis close to Rome.

Bearing a large bony frill, three horns on the skull, and a large, four-legged body, exhibiting convergent evolution with bovines and rhinoceroses, Triceratops is one of the most recognizable of all dinosaurs and the best-known ceratopsian. It was also one of the largest, up to 8–9 metres (26–30 ft) long and 5–9 metric tons (5.5–9.9 short tons) in body mass.

It shared the landscape with and was most likely preyed upon by Tyrannosaurus, though it is less certain that two adults would battle in the fanciful manner often depicted in museum displays and popular media.

The functions of the frills and three distinctive facial horns on its head have inspired countless debates. Traditionally, these have been viewed as defensive weapons against predators. More recent interpretations find it probable that these features were primarily used in species identification, courtship, and dominance display, much like the antlers and horns of modern ungulates.

[!eb2ca00f013b46c887f1be62cd4c9ab4.jpg](https://postimg.cc/2VSM3HxP)

During late autumn, Central Asia’s saiga antelopes adapt to plunging temperatures. Their summer fur turns into a woolly, white or pale coat, insulating against the cold and camouflaging them in snowy landscapes.

This transformation helps protect them from predators across their habitats in countries like Kazakhstan, Russia, and Mongolia. As spring arrives, they shed this coat, returning to their lighter summer fur.

📸 Klaus Nigge, Tim Flach, Pavel Sorokin, Karenina, and Gilev Additional credit goes to: rawrszn

One of the hundreds of elongated skulls that were discovered in 1928 at Paracas Peninsula in Peru. Cranial deformation was practiced by the Paracas civilization (800-100 BCE) by tightly wrapping the head in cloth, during the first few years of life, in order to elongate the cranium

Our Sun is a 4.5 billion-year-old yellow dwarf star – a hot glowing ball of hydrogen and helium – at the center of our solar system. It’s about 93 million miles (150 million kilometers) from Earth and it’s our solar system’s only star. Without the Sun’s energy, life as we know it could not exist on our home planet.

The Sun formed in a giant, spinning cloud of gas and dust called the solar nebula. As the nebula collapsed under its own gravity, it spun faster and flattened into a disk. Most of the nebula's material was pulled toward the center to form our Sun, which accounts for 99.8% of our solar system’s mass. Much of the remaining material formed the planets and other objects that now orbit the Sun. (The rest of the leftover gas and dust was blown away by the young Sun's early solar wind.)

The Sun doesn’t have a solid surface like Earth and the other rocky planets and moons. The part of the Sun commonly called its surface is the photosphere. The word photosphere means "light sphere" – which is apt because this is the layer that emits the most visible light. It’s what we see from Earth with our eyes.

Although we call it the surface, the photosphere is actually the first layer of the solar atmosphere. It's about 250 miles thick, with temperatures reaching about 10,000 degrees Fahrenheit (5,500 degrees Celsius). That's much cooler than the blazing core, but it's still hot enough to make carbon – like diamonds and graphite – not just melt, but boil. Most of the Sun's radiation escapes outward from the photosphere into space.

Like all stars, our Sun will eventually run out of energy. When it starts to die, the Sun will expand into a red giant star, becoming so large that it will engulf Mercury and Venus, and possibly Earth as well. Scientists predict the Sun is a little less than halfway through its lifetime and will last another 5 billion years or so before it becomes a white dwarf.

Ruyi Bridge (如意桥 - Rúyì qiáo) is a footbridge in Taizhou, Zhejiang, China, made up of three bridges. It is a pedestrian bridge which was built to cross the Shenxianju Valley and it features a glass-bottomed walkway. The unusual curved walkways are designed to look like a Chinese ruyi (a kind of scepter).

!

Abuna Yemata Guh is a monolithic church located in the Hawzen woreda of the Tigray Region, Ethiopia. It is situated at a height of 2,580 metres (8,460 ft).

It is suggested that this church was built in the 6th century. Not much is known about it. The paintings in the church are original and the dry air and lack of humidity have preserved them.

To access it, a person needs to climb a steep cliff with hand and feet holes carved into it. It is one of 35 churches in Ethiopia that is built into a high place like this.

On April 1 2023 NASA’s Curiosity rover uncovered a bizarre-looking rock formation, a images of what closely resembles dragon bones.

Curiosity successfully landed in Gale Crater on Mars on August 6, 2012, as the largest and most capable rover at the time. Since, it’s made numerous breakthroughs, such as discovering evidence of past water on Mars, as well as organic molecules that are essential for life. Both being huge first steps in finding out if Mars once had life.

Although its declining condition and the launch of the more advanced Perseverance rover have put Curiosity’s heyday behind the 11-year-old robot, it continues to capture our imagination with rock formations that look all to familiar.

"In 20 years of studying Mars, that’s the most bizarre rock I have ever seen", said Nathalie Cabrol, prominent Astrobiologist, and TED speaker. She explains that the structure gained its unique ripples “after lots of erosion,” presumably from wind.