One I've started using is typing before:2021 at the start of Google searches, it does a good job of removing the obvious gaming the algorithm sites and AI generated content that steal the first few pages. Obviously doesn't work if you're looking for the latest products that came out before the year you specify
Look for Thinkpad T480 (not the T480s, it's the "upgrade" but they changed a lot of things like no ethernet, non-removable battery, and generally in my opinion a bunch of bad changes). It's Intel, I don't think there's an AMD version, and it's about 5 years old now so they're all second hand, and pretty cheap. It worked well with Ubuntu when I tried that (had to change to windows for work reasons). It has a fingerprint sensor, but I found it extremely difficult to make work on Ubuntu, and so it's good that you aren't bothered about that.
I genuinely think it fits all in some way all of your requirements, it's just whether you've got availability where you are.
I've done fibre optic splicing entirely under the light of a headtorch. I don't think you could get much more intricate than that.
It worked fine on win 10 for me when I played it a few years ago. If you've tried it, what issues did you encounter?
I'm unsure about whether prices fit in your range anymore, but if you want to have a wired headphone with Bluetooth, maybe the beyerdynamics DT 770/880/990 headphones and a fiio BTR5 Bluetooth module. I've daily driven the BTR5 for about 2 years for about 7 hours a day and they've been great, and the beyerdynamics seem really sturdy.
I'm all for reposting top content from reddit to this community to get it going!