Pixelated graphics hit the right spot for me. The Binding of Isaac Rebirth, Stardew Valley, Enter the Gungeon, Dwarf Fortress, Dead Cells, Terraria, FTL, some emulated games. I got pretty addicted to Vampire Survivors at one point too.
I used to have no interest in pixel-style games but in the past few years I've grown to really like them. I'll try and post some of my favorites below with a quick synopsis to see if it's something you may like. These are really in no particular order. As you can see, I really like the building/colony management games. I hope to delve into other genres at some point when they interest me.
Also, a lot will be in early access but I'll note when there hasn't been updates for a while.
Building/colony simulation
Cult of the Lamb - you play an endearing and cute lamb that needs to start a cult in order to gain favor and allow your colony to thrive. You do this by going through rogue-lite dungeon levels and defeating enemies/bosses to recruit more followers and continue the story campaign. Includes some mini-games like fishing and a card game and I'm sure more. They just released a big update that I have yet to check out.
Dwarf Fortress - One of the most complex colony simulators to date. You take the good with the bad. The UI has seen improvements in their recent Steam release but it's still, at least in my opinion, not the most intuitive thing. If you are into this genre of game, though, you absolutely need to check this out and put in the time to learn the systems. You start the game by having it simulate your world's history given some seed data. After it's done, you can view every single action taken to see how the world got to this point (even seemingly useless stuff like Goblin Terry bought a tavern in Randomtown or whatever). Don't sleep on it!
RimWorld - heavily inspired by Dwarf Fortress, it's basically that but in a sci-fi setting instead of a medieval one. While the interface by default is, in my opinion, better than Dwarf Fortress's, it still requires quite a time-sink to get accustomed to. There are an incredible amount of mods on the Steam workshop that makes the variability and replayability seemingly endless.
Clanfolk - RimWorld style game based in old Irish lore. Still in early stages but their testing branch is very frequently updated.
Stardeus - Think RimWorld except you're an AI on a broken down ship with a bunch of travelers in stasis. You need to repair the ship, get the systems working again, and improve everything over time. The developer is insanely active, with seemingly daily updates. For a while they were streaming all of their development on Twitch. I don't know if they're still doing it, but, it doesn't matter; he's still updating the game at a ridiculous rate. It has full modding support as well but there are far less of them at the moment since the game is in early access and much newer.
Songs of Syx - Alright, this game is kind of nuts. Instead of managing one colony like in Dwarf Fortress and RimWorld, your goal is to manage a large part of the rendered world. It has a lot of the same building elements as the other games but takes it to another level. Also, it's medieval style and has magic. You really should not sleep on this if this sounds interesting. Obligatory warning: yes, it has a massive learning curve and things aren't well documented. There are some good guides on YouTube, though.
Oxygen Not Included - Similar to RimWorld systems and mechanics wise with a completely different look and feel. It's too complicated for me right now to look into much but I need to mention it as it's insanely popular.
Core Keeper - A completely different game this time. In this, you actually control a single character in top-down view. There are multiple different biomes that you move on from by defeating bosses. It's like Stardew Valley with much more focus on combat and it takes place underground.
Keplerth - I'll be honest, I couldn't get into it, but, I've seen posts here and there about people loving it so I thought I'd just include it in the list.
Necesse - Again, haven't played it much, but, if you know about the game Terraria it seemingly tries to improve on those systems.
Realms of Magic - In the same vein as the previous two, but, my favored one. It has basic story elements, complex building and crafting, and a pretty cool map system. If the Terraria-style game looks nice to you but you want more, check this out.
PixARK - Officially licensed pixel style ARK: Survival Evolved clone. It feels a lot easier and I enjoy it more. The issue I have with it is that updates got really slow for a while. They seemed to have picked up again recently so maybe it was just a temporary thing, not sure. Quickly looking at the patch notes, though, there doesn't seem to be many significant updates lately (if at all).
Metroidvania style
Infernax - From the Steam page: Infernax is the adventures of a great knight who returns to his homeland only to find it plagued with unholy magic. Uncover the mysteries of the curse and face the consequences of your actions.
Blasphemous - A super dark art style and challenging combat. You play some fucked up angel type thing that's basically on a good-guy crusade. Fight evil, etc. I can't do this justice though, it's legitimately very impressive. A sequel was recently announced.
Dungeon-crawling ARPG
Chronicon - A bunch of really cool classes and tight combat systems makes this one a favorite.
The Slormancer - Really awesome (and intuitive) builds with a great art style. You can upgrade pretty much any of the systems in the game (think magic types, health, etc), making it really easy and fun to try out different builds.
I came here to make sure Chronicon was represented, I just spent some of my weekend tinkering my way up to Mythic 9 and beyond. This is an amazing list, I should go check off the rest of it.
It's so fun to mix and match various wands and spells, to create satisfying projectile, explosions. There would be a lot of explosions, falling sands, and you'll be definitely dying a lot (a lot of them would be from your own fault loll), but that's part of the fun & satisfaction.
Although, dying is quite frustrating overtime. So go ahead use some mods from workshop that adds the chances to stay alive like health item, etc.
Don't think this is exactly what you're asking, but among actual old games, A Link to the Past and Super Metroid are both highly playable and highly replayable pixel graphics games.
Céleste is one of my go-to comfort Games. Controls are crisp af, the music is fantastic, the gameplay loop is neat. It's a wonderful game, it deserves its fame.
I got it in a Humble bundle years ago for a relatively low price before the expansions and got those for free when they came out. I can't speak much for the value of the current $40 price tag, but I certainly got my money's worth.
The original game now called "Shovel Knight: Shovel of Hope" is well worth the $15 on steam for the standalone first installment though, if you aren't looking to spend too much. Most folks do recommend getting Treasure Trove but I found I really didn't play the expansions much myself anyway.
The Messenger. Often gets compared to ninja gaiden (for good reason) but I actually got mega man X vibes from it. Awesome 2D platforming with metroidvania elements and a great gimmick. I also really loved Celeste and Katana Zero.
All three games have really responsive controls that feel great to use, which to me is the most important aspect of 2d games (outside of adventure/narrative games)
Evoland. You start in the 2D 4 color era, then the 8 bit era, level up to 16 bit, then 32 bit. It takes you all the way from 4 color games to 3D rendering. It’s super cheap on Steam, and there is a sequel too if you like it.
Funny how no one mentioned the Quest for Glory or any of those old Sierra point and click adventure games. Oh, and those games from LucasArts as well.
On more modern one I think Dead Cells executed pretty well, since my eyes don't feel tired after play compare to other more action driven pixel art games.
Hyperlight Drifter caught me at just the right way to really enjoy it. Not sure how to explain but it was intriguing and atmospheric in a way I hadn't really experienced in many games at the time.
Haven't tried the remasters but I did come here to say that my favorite pixel game of all time is FF6. I know part of it is just nostalgia but I also just absolutely love the story and the mechanics. The magic system is great and I personally enjoyed it more than what was put into place in 7 with materia.
FTL! This game was probably my first introduction to roguelites back when I was still a wee little lad. Loved the space aesthetic, and the combat system was pretty unique for the time I thought. Runner-up would probably be Noita (roguelite trend here). If we're including DOS era games, I'd add Centurion: Defender of Rome (predecessor to Total War games) and Sword of the Samurai (Mount and Blade but in Sengoku-era Japan).
I enjoyed Titan Souls. It's basically a no-nonsense boss battle game, but without the extra excessively long fights. Only one boss was annoying to get back to, and most weren't too annoying to defeat.
I'm sure there's more if I sit and think for longer, but right now I'd have to say Blasphemous - I went into it completely blind to what it was, and ho boy did it blow me away. Everything just felt good about that game.
Death Trash is an isometric openworld rpg, amazing pixel art. It features a post apocalyptic world with horrors, can be a bit gross sometimes tho. Very good Indie game.
Everhood for a good pixel game, but it's not really comparable to much other than a weird acid trip. The Steam reviews are a good indicator for the vibes and a good laugh.
It only shares the roguelite elements with vampire survivors, but I'll drop a recommend for The Dungeon Beneath here. Super simple but pretty addicting.
I like Rimworld, trying to survive and build a functional lil town while keeping everyone alive. Eventually expanding enough to build a spaceship and escape the planet to win the game. I never have though I just put on lowest difficulty and watch my lil kitty people doodl about.
Paper Please. They tell multiple stories, some you can invest and follow or cut short with a simple button (DETAINED!). The gameplay is also interesting, having to maintain and follow all these little details reminds me of some brain training games. The comedic writing as well of some of the characters is also brilliant (looking at your Georgi).