howdo the temples affect minster spawns?

I have not gotten the master sword and there are still a lot of silver-bois.

I think it depends largely on where you are.

For instance, I beat 3 temples pretty quick, then waited a while on the last one. Now, I'm at the last one and the enemies are super easy. More evidence to support this is Gerudo Town: Working your way through the enemies under the town is super easy, but once you go out into the storm you'll find silver Moblins that are a pain even at higher levels. I believe this is because the devs wanted the temples to be easy to do in any order.

Another thing about difficulty and silver-bois: I went into the depths early and found a lot of them down there. They killed me immediately, so I avoided monster communes for a while. But later in the game I found a large swath of enemy camps under Hyrule Field that were super easy, I cleared them all out for the Zonaite. And I marked them on my map as Zonaite farming locations. But when I went back after a blood moon they were way harder...

I think this means they don't want people to do that exact thing and just farm locations like we were able to do in BotW. In fact I think they took out a lot of shortcuts from BotW, but didn't rebalance the game properly, so it feels like there's way more annoying bottlenecks, which is why I'm pro-glitches and have my switch on airplane mode.

The temples by themselves don't directly influence the type of monsters spawned. There's a hidden XP system for enemies that affects spawns for monsters but also weapon spawns. This Video explains it pretty in-depth