Russia installed a radio-jammer that interferes with the signals that direct GPS-guided munitions. Last week, Ukraine blew it up ... with a GPS-guided bomb.
I love how after all the tankie YouTube videos boasting the "superiority" of Russian arms, the S-400 and S-500, Iskander etc... we finally get to see that the entire Russian military is just vaporware.
At least with the air defenses the weakness that was exploited would be common to all air defense systems. It's a failure of tactics/strategy instead of a technical issue with the system.
The Ukrainians started throwing tons of cheap drones at targets and forced a dilemma: 1) Engage the drones, exhaust the air defense systems' capabilities, and then the air defense systems get targeted by cruise missiles/air strike or 2) don't engage as many drones, which lets them reach their targets.
Israel's vaunted Iron Dome system was also overwhelmed with the sheer amount of relatively cheap rockets from Gaza during the Oct 7th attacks, but obviously Hamas lacks the sophistication to follow that up with attacking the systems themselves.
That's not what vaporware is...vaporware doesn't exist, it's vapor.
Russians lie about a lot, especially their military's capabilities and they have had plenty of vaporware e.g. T-95.
However...
The S-400 and Iskander are real, they just aren't as capable as described. The S-400 can't target stealth aircraft, although it can possibly track 1st gen stealth (track vs target are very different).
The Iskander is a capable ballistic missle with hypersonic speeds...just like ballistic missiles have since the 60s. But it still follows a ballistic trajectory, and is NOT capable of hypersonic maneuvering.
As much of a win as this is, there are any number of normal battlefield conditions and reasons this could've happened, that aren't just "HAHA RUSSIAN MILITARY DUMB"
Electronic warfare systems are typically cycled to allow friendly forces to use the spectrums they jam. These schedules are timed by counter-EW teams.
Missles and bombs often have multiple guidance systems e.g. the GMLRS fired by HIMARS/M270 MLRS both GPS and intertial guidance systems.
HARM (Anti-radiation missiles) could have been deployed to force the Russians to kill active radar systems of the SAM battery protecting this system.
Laser guidance from special forces, or local partisan group, could have provided the targeting.
The story itself could be part of an information or counter-intelligence operation to hide real means and methods used, or trick Russian military/intelligence.
And these are just a few reasons why while this is a win, should probably not be used as confirmation bias to underestimate Russia's capabilities.
That's just not accurate, and honestly, it's dangerous.
Yes, the Russian military is deeply flawed and at times, comically tragic in its errors, but it's still a lethal organization that has shown itself capable of learning and adapting.
That attitude is most concerning because the unsaid, but logical next point is, "then why hasn't Ukraine won? Are they HAHA DUMB as well?"
You may not be thinking that, but that is what pumping that idea out into the ether leads to.
Yes, they have made mind boogling choices at times, but at other times, they've shown high levels competence and the ability to change and evolve their tactics, much to the detriment of Ukrainian forces.
I do wonder what the impact will be on Russia’s military equipment export business thanks to this war. It’s pretty clear now how inferior their tech is compared to the west.
Terrible morrale, few people supporting the war, the rest forced into this stupid war and with the world donating their war tech to ukraine it would be hard to come out on top
Russia filled a niche of cheaper AND no strings. Their arms exports have collapsed post Ukraine, but that's also partly because they've diverted arms to their own war effort.
China and India have largely picked up the slack, but I believe it's mostly China.
South Korea has also greatly expanded it's arms industry in the past decade, especially it's naval yards, but I think they mostly compete with Western firms.
No, but there are actually very low very cost, extremely dangerous and illegal, jammers you can make with not too much more. Basically they just burst shitloads of electrical power into the air that jamm up a surprisingly broad range of nearby RF spectrum.
I bet the jammers were unsophisticated enough you could just program the GPS to continue moving in the direction where the over the air noise levels kept increasing.
For all the legitimate criticisms of Russian military, their EW and Counter-EW capabilities are actually world class. Which is why it is a big deal when they're destroyed, or captured.
Encryption isn't really a factor with this type of satellite navigation jamming, at least as far as I'm aware.
Frequency hopping however can be a used as a RF jamming countermeasure, but I'm not sure if that is really for satellite navigation systems.
The frequencies all satnav systems work on are also very specific and known. I would assume that any satnav jammers just jam all RF used by all GNSS constellations at once, but maybe they open up certain bands to allow for their own guided munitions at pre-scheduled times.
As another commenter said, I don't think cryptography is the main problem.
You've got to be able to modulate some numbers out of the radio signal first before you need to be concerned if it's encrypted or not.
GPS signals from power conserving satellites are so weak that I'd imagine that overwhelming them with noise on all frequencies would be the easy answer. (Although there's a Big Brain hyper-cunning answer to that...).
Can't a GPS jammer be targetted simply by anti-radiation missiles?!
In my ignorance I'm thinking of it as basically a single really powerful emitter in a certain range of frequencies which would really stand out with the appropriate frequency filter, plus it's not as if there would be any other ground-based emitters around in that range of frequencies as civilians for obvious reasons aren't supposed to be using devices which emit in that range (receive, sure, but not emit).
A jammer will be a high output RF. The jammers just shout louder than the signals they want to jam to drown them out. This is wideband high gain noise that degrades the signal to noise ratio of the target signals.
But can those things not be adjusted to target a different part of the spectrum?!
I mean, in terms of just Electronics a band filter can be changed to have a different center frequency, although there probably are other considerations beyond merelly the frequencies being taken in by the missile controller when switching for targetting radars to targetting jammers.
I was just wondering if the Ukranians (who definitelly seem to have lots of knowhow when it comes to weapon manufaturing) haven't altered a missile to operate similarly to a HAARM but for other frequencies rather than just the ones used by radars or even if there isn't already an anti-jammer mode (with a selectable frequency) for existing missiles.
That said, I generally assume that most English language articles use GPS as a stand-in for any GNSS constellation, regardless of which one, or combination of them, was actually used.
Although, there is a reason why the Russian pilots and drivers were photographed using off the shelf Garmin units... much like the rest of their military, GLONAS was a legacy Soviet project that hasn't been well maintained or updated well post collapse.