Here in the Netherlands the “pigeon racing” sport is still relatively alive, but does have an aging target group. Pigeons are driven somewhere many miles anyway, (well km’s) and released, first home gets a price.
So you definitely can’t go there easily but Gerald Hough is who does a lot of research on the abilities of homing pigeons and is available via email if you had specific questions
So yes, they are still possible to train and use, are in active use (for example in photography for rafting), and there are RFC standards relating to internet over carrier pigeon. Also, they are actually favourable compared with ADSL so yeah, a legitimate possible option for some cases.
Since you've been obsessed with them lately, have you seen Who Is Cletis Tout? Great film that features some carrier pigeon action and an unconventional cast.
I was walking in the neighborhood recently and passed a guy putting a pigeon in a high up box in his yard. It was such a an odd thing that I wasn't sure what was going on, and mentioned to my daughter that I thought this guy was keeping pigeons, and she said "because you saw him KEEPING PIGEONS?" Which I guess is fair, it just was so weird I wasn't sure!
I don't know if he uses them to send messages, but some people certainly have them at least as pets.