After Moscow’s international credibility crumbled following Russia’s full-scale invasion of Ukraine, Kremlin-financed disinformation producers adopted increasingly sophisticated tactics to spread their manipulative narratives. Most notable is the massive ‘Doppelganger’ campaign – a complex operation run by Russian companies to impersonate legitimate Western media outlets and government institutions.

This campaign was explicitly mentioned in the latest EU sanctions package adopted on 16 December 2024, which imposed costs on some of the responsible officials in the Russian government and involved companies. This action builds on the earlier work to limit the spread of pro-Kremlin information manipulation by suspending the broadcasting rights for some of the most notorious pro-Kremlin disinformation outlets targeting European audiences.

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