I think Satisfactory hits a few of these targets, if you haven't already tried it. The amount of resources is determined by a map that is not procedurally generated, so there is a hard cap to your resources per minute, though the resources never run out. So end game focuses more on playing efficiently rather than brute expansion.
I second this, it's what OP is asking for. Word of warning though: this game is hard as hell. It reached a point where I'd spend 2 hours on a level, realize I messed up and can't salvage this, and gave up. I never got really far.
Maybe Techtonica? It just came out on Gamepass. It's like Satisfactory but in a cave and you can't just build anywhere... honestly, it's just another factory game though.
You play Dyson Sphere Program yet? It'll scratch a lot of itches. Riftbreaker was pretty fun as well. A little meh at the higher levels though.
Shapez looks like it has the same problem as factorio, where expanding outwards is always possible and easier than micro-optimizations. That's not the kind of gameplay I'm looking for.