All true, but who is going to force change in those countries?
Material conditions. Like the continued issue of emigration of skilled workers. That's... that's what the quote is getting at.
Of course nurses are needed in the US, but are they not needed in those countries too?
... yes. That's why the emigration causing investment in the country of origin to create a supply in the local labor market is counted as a positive in this analysis.
So, you’re really not talking about permanent immigration, you’re talking about training.
... no, that's literally the opposite of what was said. The country of ORIGIN is driven to invest in their education system by this, not the country of DESTINATION.
You're really not getting it. Sending aid, even with strings attached as to what it's used for, is not even close to the same as an internal decision by the national government of the country of origin to change their investment priorities.