How come we experience so much more inflation than deflation? in other words, why does our buying power decrease far more often than it increases?
How come we experience so much more inflation than deflation? in other words, why does our buying power decrease far more often than it increases?
This is because inflation isn't a bug it's a feature.
Anything that transfers wealth up the chain, from working class to middle class and from middle class to upper class, is a feature of the western economic system.
For example, in England and Wales the Bank of England is charged with keeping inflation at a target of around two per cent. This means that the pound in a workers pocket is supposed to devalue. The advantage is that the government borrows money in its own currency so inflation means that its debt goes down (in real terms) when inflation goes up.
Because once a corporation increases prices due to "supply and demand" or whatever bullshit reason they make up that week, those prices never go back down if the reason changes. conveniently.
Every corporation will say "we need to increase the price on "x" because the primary supplier in Bolivia is facing economic turmoil...blah blah blah." But once that turmoil is over and supply returns to normal, they don't bother taking the prices back down and rely on the fact that modern society is too distracted by their "conveniences" to care.
"The people will not revolt. They will not look up from their screens." -- a stage play based on George Orwell's 1984
They (the super-rich) have created a class of people beneath them who don't notice or care that they're being fucked over so long as they are provided with more and more vapid content to consume.
Everyone seems to be missing the most dangerous part of deflation: If prices fall year over year, collateralize credit becomes incredibly unstable. If you borrow a million dollars from the bank to build a house and then in five years that house is worth half a million...well you would be stupid not to walk away for your loan and leave the bank with a half million dollar hole in its balance sheet. If the whole market does this consistently year after year then banking becomes impossible and the whole system collapses. Weve had this happen before, such as during the Great Depression and very briefly during other market crashes like in 2008. If a central bank has to choose between inflation and deflation, they will choose inflation every time.
All fiat currencies are designed to prevent hyperinflation and deflation.
Why is deflation bad for an economy? It encourages prior to hold off on spending money as money tomorrow is worth more than money today. It also means people are less likely to invest money, as you can get better returns by saving your money under your mattress.
Actually, inflation by itself is a natural phenomenon,
associated to the growth of the population. Deflationary trends are actually symptoms of something far worse happening.In order for inflation not to exist, growth and access to natural resources should match the growth of populations.
In a Utopian society, a la Engels, the growth and access to those natural resources would be controlled to match the growth and access needs of the population, thus helping humanity not to experience inflation. But of course, that also denies humanity, and humanity’s ambitious nature.
In reality, the growth and access to those resources is controlled for many reasons, which in many cases, have nothing to do with ambition. For example the geographical access to certain commodities can be used to barter for resources or commodities inaccessible in that community.
And of course, there’s ambition and the discovery that owning a resource gives us the power to demand more for it, and not only have a better live, but have access to anything we want.
When there’s a disruption in one resource, as far as accessibility to it, it has a chain reaction that affects everything else.
Take the war in Ukraine and it’s repercussions across the world. The two resources that have been disputed right now is wheat and oil. Two of the major suppliers of indispensable commodities in the world are at war and their commodities are inaccessible or hard to obtain. Just the shortage of wheat has significant implications in the food that is processed for consumption around the world, because it’s not only used to feed humans, but other sources of meat for humans.
But what happens in a deflationary trend? One would think we just produced more of something and we have to sell it at a lower price, until we get back to an equilibrium of supply and demand. But it’s not that simple. Causes of deflation could be:
A) Lower numbers of population. While access to the natural resource is there.
B) Overproduction of a certain good.
The first one, indicates that either people are dying, leaving or not reproducing. And the demand is lowering constantly.
Now, think about why would people leave a community. A quick example: crime. Two examples: People leaving their towns in rural Central America for the US, or in Africa for Europe because their home towns are overrun by warlords, gangs and drug cartels. Likewise, communities in the US that are run by drugs and crime is rampant. You have a choice to flee or die.
The second one speaks about the over production of something. By default, companies don’t try to over produce, because the costs associated to storage and maintaining an inventory could eat up on their earnings. But there are times when overproduction happens because of a bubble. The easiest example for this, is the Tulip crises of the 1400s. Tulips became a sought after commodity that the prices started going up. Suddenly Tulios went from a nice flower to an investment. A bubble was created. People decided that it was a better investment to buy and sell tulips, than plant wheat, or sell meat, which drove the prices of food up; some people even mortgaged their home or land to invest the money in Tulips. For a time, that created wealth and people spent it in luxury. And then, Tulips were over produced and came out of style. Demand disappeared almost instantly. And then people didn’t have money to pay their debts, to buy food, live in a safe place. Famine and plagues started…and prices went down because there was no demand for anything.
So…that’s why you don’t want to see a lot of either, inflation or deflation, but it’s also why you see more inflation than deflation.
More than 90% of the money we use does not come from the central banks, i.e. does not exist as cash and is not backed by the government directly. Instead it is book money. Here is how this works:
When a bank lends you $1000 at 10% interest for a year, they don't physically have that money. Instead, they write into your account: We owe you $1000. They also write into their account: Skaterboy42069 owes us $1100.
See how the $1000 you have in your account just appeared out of nowhere? They are of course balanced by the bank's $1000, but there is an extra $100 (the interest) that was created permanently. It's up to you to come up with a way of making those extra $100 in one year. Now apply that to the entire monetary system and the whole economy, and you see how the only way is up.
As an aside: This is also precisely the reason why we need ~2% GDP growth annually, and any standstill or even shrinking is an absolute disaster. Debts don't get repaid and are defaulted on, and money literally evaporates. Ask yourself this: imagine GDP drops 10% over night and what that would do to the economy. Why would that be such a disaster if it would simply send us back to about 2018 GDP-wise (when we all lived in caves)?
A few good comments and quite a few... not so good. A lot of explanations that focus on 2nd order, downstream effects and the machinations of economists and politicians. Price is one of myriad ways to measure the past & current state of the economy and to make guesses about its future.
"Inflation" is what we call it when it costs $1.00 to buy a dozen eggs last year and $1.10 to buy a dozen of the same eggs this year. "Deflation"is what we call it if the price goes down to $0.90 this year. Just to set some terminology.
No one person or group or policy or activity causes inflation or deflation. It's just a measure of buying power.
But there is one key difference between inflation and deflation: the latter has a limit. Prices can go up forever, but they can only go down to $0.
So when all the people are trying to craft policies that influence the economy, they don't want the economy to go in the direction of the brick wall of $0 prices.
It's probably the case that inflation is the only thing that can happen and have a functioning economy over the long term. If that's the case, then keeping it low is the best approach, which is why the American economic establishment has a target of 2% inflation.
Inflation occurs when the value of goods increase. This can mainly be caused by two things: An increase in consumption or an increase of production costs, which causes the vendor to increase prices in order to maintain profits.
Deflation would occur when the opposite happens, aka when the value of goods decrease. This can be caused by things such as new technological improvements (old hardware has become cheaper, because new hardware has been released and the older hardware is no longer state-of-the-art), a reduction in consumption or a reduction in production costs. Perhaps I've missed a few cases, but these are the main things I can currently think of.
Anyway, while deflation is generally useful for consumers (they have to pay less), it's not very good for borrowers. Let's take a mortgage for a house, for example. You want to buy a house for €200k and have a mortgage of €200k that will cover the house. If something bad happens to you financially (for example, you lose your job), you may end up in a situation where you'll no longer be able to pay off your mortgage. Shit happens right? Usually, the bank would take control of your house, sell your house for €200k and use the revenue from the house to pay off your mortgage.
However, if deflation has occurred and your house is no longer worth €200k, but €150k, you still have €50k to pay off to your bank, after the bank has sold your house. Simultaneously, you're unemployed, so how are you going to do that? If you declare bankruptcy, you will no longer have to pay off your debts and the bank has lost €50k.
Besides this, deflation can also be a symptom of something worse happening, such as high unemployment rates and a decrease in consumption, for example. When more people get unemployed, people will spend less, which reduces demand, which leads to a decrease of prices.
hints :
- inflation increases the nominal amount of tax on added value, good for countries balance sheets
- inflation decreases the real value of sovereign debts
- a company will never lower its prices as long as sales do not plunge
- energy actors only look at natural gas prices when it raises, never when it comes down
you could add your own items to the list, it's a long one.
Deflation discourages spending at all levels, because why spend right now when your cash will be worth more later? This kills any economy.
Debt is what drives inflation. Let's say you got a total of 1k USD in circulation. Now, let's say that some person decides he needs to borrow 100 USD from the bank. The bank gives him the 100 USD, but with intrest. Let's say that that intrest is 10 USD. So, the person gives back the 100 USD plus 10 USD intrest. But, there's a problem. If a total of 1k USD is in circulation, where do the 10 USD come from. It can't come from thin air, so it has to be printed. Thus, now you have 1.01k USD in circulation which inflates the prices of things.
There are other reasons as well. This is all well explained in Zeitgeist. I suggest you take a look at the documentaries.
Inflation (of the supply of money in circulation) is caused by an increase in the supply of money in circulation. As the number of US dollars in circulation increases, inflation (of the money supply) is experienced.
We experience inflation instead of deflation because the ones who control the supply of money have chosen it.
And while many commenters are defending inflation as good and necessary, there is an argument that inflation punishes individuals who save or are on fixed income. Inflation of money supply is also described as "devaluation of currency"- it is becoming less valuable over time. Inflation could also be described by a "loss of purchasing power" which means a person can buy fewer goods and services with the same amount of money as the currency loses its value.
Because capitalism = cancer. It survives on endless growth. it hates retraction, even if the host survives longer.
So they print money and target inflation. They take actions that MAKE it so things never deflate.
As for your first question, the reason why real Americans love inflation so much has to do with President Trump's economic policies. When he took office in 2017, he implemented policies that were designed to stimulate growth and create jobs, such as reducing taxes on businesses and individuals, increasing government spending on infrastructure projects, and implementing trade policies aimed at reducing the US trade deficit. While these policies have had some success, they have also led to an increase in inflation rates over the past few years. This is because when the economy is growing rapidly, businesses may choose to raise prices in order to maintain profit margins, leading to higher prices for goods and services. Additionally, the increased demand for goods and services due to the economic expansion can lead to shortages and other supply-side issues that drive up prices. As a result, while President Biden has tried to address the issue by implementing certain measures to control inflation, it remains a persistent challenge.
Regarding your second point, despite the current administration being led by Joe Biden, many of the economic policies enacted during the Trump presidency are still having an impact on the US economy. For example, the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act of 2017, which significantly lowered corporate tax rates and encouraged business investment, is still in effect and contributing to the overall economic growth and inflation pressures. Similarly, trade policies such as those related to China and Mexico have continued to shape global trade flows and influence domestic price levels. Therefore, even though President Biden is currently in office, his administration is grappling with the lingering effects of policies implemented during the previous administration.
Finally, I would argue that real Americans love inflation because it shows that our country is growing and thriving economically. Despite the challenges associated with high inflation rates, it signals strength and dynamism in the US economy, which is something to be proud of. Furthermore, some Americans may see high inflation rates as a sign of a strong economy, where businesses are generating more revenue and consumers have greater purchasing power. Overall, while high inflation can be a challenge for some individuals and families, it is not necessarily a negative thing for everyone.
Does that answer your question?
