Sort of... But it's very different than a computer, it's called a Programmable Logic Controller and it's used in industrial applications. Best game I've ever seen one run was Doom.
Oh hey, one of my marginalia scribbles from the early 2000s had deep prior art. I was really hand-waving the capabilities of USB2... and picturing a vertical stack of fixed-footprint components. Back then, they would've needed an absolute shitload of pins, and these cases are friggin' massive if everything's sitting flat across a desk. Even the small stack in contemporary mockups is a fat cube.
It almost makes sense if it's a throwback to Altair / S100 backplanes. Like your motherboard is just a row of PCI slots. Raw bus. You could expand that by daisy-chaining units. Might even be able to hot-swap entire drives so long as the OS knows you're about to.