My PC started glitching out like this and I don't know how to find the cause.
Columns of red lines dominate the screen, and certain characters aren't being displayed during startup. This happens with every operating system and every monitor. I can only get into the OS in recovery mode.
Did my CPU get fried? My motherboard? GPU? Corrupted BIOS? How can I find out?
Hmm. I would start by checking if everything is properly connected and run memtest to check your memory. Some of the errors around the 25s mark (R)ead fpdma queued seems to be indicating that something is wrong with one of your drives or the connection to it. Does this also happen if you boot from a live USB?