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Where are my files from Windows 11?

I migrated my wife's PC after a forceful Windows 11 update to Linux. I made a backup of her files by doing an rsync of almost the complete C: drive onto an external drive formatted with exFAT. This was a grave mistake.

After the Linux installation we noticed that several files were missing and older files were back. My current guess is that I was somehow copying from an old snapshot instead of the current state.

I rsynced everything except for the Windows folder. Does anyone know if there is any chance of getting our filea back? Amd what actually happened?

Edit: After several weeks I finally found the answer. There are two drives in the laptop. But Linux didn't see the NVME drive because it does not support "RST with Optane". As soon as I switched the SATA mode over to AHCI I could see the system drive with the lost files.

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  • Where were the files? An "older snapshot" doesn't really make sense.

    Did you copy hidden folders? Usually c:\Users should have everything you want.

    • In case you are still curious, check my edit. Turned out that the computer had two drives but one was invisible to Linux.

    • The files were in the Documents folder and on the Desktop. The Documents folder is completely missing and the Desktop is very empty and contains links to already uninstalled programs. I also copied the Firefox profile from c:\Users\MyWifesName\AppData\Roaming\Mozilla. And it too looks like it's about a year or two old.

      • Check inside the OneDrive folder.

        Could you have copied the wrong disk or something? Did you do the copy in windows, or Linux?

        Try using something like ncdu / qdirstat to see if you can find any large folders buried elsewhere on the disk.

        • In Linux. I just did an rsync -avP /source /target.

          The OneDrive folder is empty except for a desktop.ini file.

          • You probably want to check your wife's Onedrive online with a web browser as by default Windows doesn't keep files locally in Documents/Desktop/Pictures etc.

          • Yeah that rsync command should be fine. I suspect you somehow copied the wrong thing, or Windows is using a non standard users folder path for some reason.

            You'll probably need to cross your fingers and just look through the disk. Try the tools I mentioned above to search by disk usage, or just do find with some known file names.

            • Yeah, I was pretty confident in my method, which is why I didn't bother to check if the file view in Windows was the same as in Linux. I'm currently running ncdu but I'm not very confident. A find run for a known filename yielded nothing.

      • When I turned on OneDrive it moved my Documents and Desktop folder to ~/OneDrive/. It's definitely not a coincidence that those are the two directories missing for you. As everyone is saying, try checking their Microsoft account.

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