In 2018, Canada's British Columbia introduced a tax against vacant homes. Three years later, more than 20,000 rentals were back on the market.
My first instinct is "yes" but then I thought about it and I think it's just going to exacerbate the short-stay problem unless combined with other measures.
A four bedroom house should have a minimum three people living there as their principle place of residence. The address on their drivers license, electoral roll, school encirclement, etc. If you have less people, you should pay... I dunno, $40k per year in tax?
The government can use that $40k per house in tax revenue to buy all the homes people are suddenly going to want to sell, and put them on the rental market. In some parts of Europe half of all rentals are owned by the government. It's a system that works well. It also makes town planning easier - often homes need to be demolished in order to build infrastructure for example. The government can do that if it owns a suitable residence with a lease that's ending soon.
IMO it violates the age old principle of "quiet enjoyment". Whether you own or rent, you should be able to determine what happens in your own home, provided that it doesn't impose on anyone else's quiet enjoyment of their premises, nor the personal liberties of your co-occupants.
Imagine whatever agency knocking on your door to confirm that the registered occupants do actually reside there. No thanks.
Bold! I like it. I worry it would fall into arguments of what is a bedroom and what is a study/wfh space, etc. Also, what if someone can't find someone to fill their extra bedroom? A 40k tax would force people to live with people they don't feel safe around.