If they had a way to affect our technology in a meaningful way at interstellar distances we can assume their understanding of mathematics is significantly more advanced than ours.
If their understand of mathematics is that much more advanced we can assume that their knowledge of cryptography is also much more advanced.
They'd probably be able to crack our encryption fairly easily.
you say that like aliens wouldn't just acquire the hardware itself. If there are aliens, and they know about the probe, chances are they're probably in a better position to fuck with it than we are. From a computing power angle (i.e. it's easy to crack) as well as hardware level.
Nearly all such satellites would have highly directional antennas, so the aliens would have to be neat earth before they could do that. Voyager is not expecting a command signal from anywhere else but Earth. The signal would have to originate not more than a fraction of a degree from Earth from Voyager's perspective.