Stylus: Redesign your favorite websites with Stylus, an actively developed and community driven userstyles manager.
Tampermonkey: Tampermonkey is the world's most popular userscript manager.
Advanced
Request Control: An extension for controlling requests. See also Redirector, not as powerful, but much more user friendly.
Modify Header Value (HTTP Headers): Add, modify or remove a header for any request on desired domains. I use this one to force sites to load only the image when opening images in new tabs.
Cookie AutoDelete: Control your cookies! This WebExtension is inspired by Self Destructing Cookies. When a tab closes, any cookies not being used are automatically deleted. Keep the ones you trust (forever/until restart) while deleting the rest. Containers Supported
uBlock Origin: Finally, an efficient wide-spectrum content blocker. Easy on CPU and memory.
uMatrix: [EDIT-WARNING: as pointed by @sovietknuckles@hexbear.net, uMatrix it's not longer maintainedsince 2021] Point & click to forbid/allow any class of requests made by your browser. Use it to block scripts, iframes, ads, facebook, etc.
I cannot answer that properly, I don't really understand them enough. I will add some copy-pasted answer on bottom. But, from a user perspective my experience is:
uBlock origin: blocks a lot of (but not all) unwanted stuff without breaking (almost) anything. When some page does not work, tt's very uncommon that uBlock origin is the cause.
uMatrix: blocks (almost) all unwanted stuff, but it breaks many pages by default. If a page does not work, the first thing I look at is uMatrix.
NoScript (and similar): It's been some time since I used it (so those who are more familiar, please correct me if I'm wrong). What I remember is that it was even more strict than uMatrix. Something like uMatrix allows by default everything from the same domain as the URL but NoScript does not.
So I would recommend uBlock origin always and uMatrix only if you are ok with some micro-management page-by-page.
Here it's a copy-paste of the answer from the first link in the google search ublock umatrix differences:
While it's true that uMatrix and uBlock Origin have overlapping functionality (and are written by the same person), they have different purposes and focuses. uBlock Origin's focus is blocking ads and other undesired things as an out of the box experience with little configuration needed. uMatrix's focus is on exerting tight and highly specific control over what resources a page is allowed to load and use, including Javascript and cookies (and requires a lot of configuration).