Wow, I haven't clicked on a source with literal pages of straight math equations in a long time. Really gives some good perspective on the difficulty of astronomy.
I really don't like how science communication is typically done, which is all of the math is stripped out, and all the ideas are told as if they were thought experiements, and it makes it easy to get the impression that what scientists do all day is just think abstractly about stuff.
So that's why I linked the preprint directly. Just note that this is a preprint, and it hasn't yet been peer-reviewed, and, of course, not all of the work is shown in any article, even a scientific one.
As someone in a scientific field, I really appreciate an actual paper making it to the front page! Thanks for posting! (also my very first comment on my beehaw 😎)
Also, I actually have a large variety of interesting research papers saved, and I'd be more than happy to share some of the open access ones on here if people are into that. They're typically not as up-to-the-minute as this one though.
Yeah I took a few Astronomy classes as electives in college. Astronomy is NOT easy or simple at all. Lots and lots of very complicated math and extrapolation from limited data happen there.