Portuguese in Portugal has a slang word for queue, which is exactly the same as the Brasilian Portuguese slang word for queer.
I have on more than one occasion had to explain to Brasilian acquaintances that I had not just stated I was going to visit a queer person but that I was going to stand on a queue.
That word isn't originally from Portuguese from Portugal (though it is recognized thanks to the prevalence of Brazilian soap operas in Portugal) so it carries no broader "social" meaning and isn't even commonly used there, so people wouldn't care if you used it in Portugal as it just sounds odd there.
If I understand the broader meaning subtleties of how it's used in Brazilian Portuguese correctly, using "garota" for a woman is a bit like using "chick" for a woman in British English, which whilst not an outright insult carries a bit of a demeaning vibe (not as bad as the used of "bitch" - as in "my bitch" - in American English, but the same kind of treating women as inferior).
This is probably because the original meaning of the word when not used for an adult woman (again, only in Brazilian Portuguese since it didn't exist in Portuguese from Portugal) is "young girl".