I'm currently living in the Netherlands and I found some awesome, (for me) novel things, like ATMs all being from one company that all the banks in NL share ownership in. That means no matter your bank you dont pay for getting cash. Which is ironic cos I dont need cash as much anymore since non-cash payments are so much more prevalent here compared to Germany, for example.
For other banks.
Sparkassen customers dont need to pay at other sparkassen belonging to the same group (I think it depends on how the different regions organized themselves)
They can also do coorperations between other banks like for ing-diba and other institutes.
I was just on the Turkish coast and to my surprise, I found an ING atm. "Sweet, its my bank so I shouldn't have any fees!" I said to my boat driver (who only speaks Turkish).
Portugal has exactly the same system (I've lived in both countries) which has actually even more features (such as letting you pay yours bills at any ATM) than the Dutch one.
I think that at least in Europe the countries were ATMs rely on VISA or Mastercard for inter-bank withdrawals like in the UK and US are the exception rather than the rule.