Ubuntu seems like it has the best compatibility, but any other suggestions for data wrangling, data analysis, data visualization, and machine learning in Julia, Python and R?
This is going to be unpopular, but you can easily compile both Python and R and configure them to your liking. For Python you can even use Anaconda3 and forget about installing most packages by yourself.
As for Julia, I usually just install the precompiled binary package.
So, any distribution you feel comfortable with will do.