Pretty much. PCIe has been the standard connector for video cards for the last 20 years. And the power cable to power the GPU has been the same for just as long (newer cards have switched to something else, but they come with adapters). As long as it's not broken it should work.
The only thing to look out for is drivers. The oldest video cards you can run with windows 11 are the Nvidia 400 series (came out in 2010) and the AMD HD 7000 series (came out in 2012). Both are old enough I wouldn't suggest buying them. I'd target at least the Nvidia 900 series, or the RX 480 for AMD. If you're on Linux then try to get an AMD video card since they tend to work better there.
Whatever you find Google around and see what the general opinion is of the card. The GTX 1060 for example has a 6gb version that's pretty good, but the 3gb version was really bad on release, and even worse these days. For what you need even the 3gb version should be fine, but I'd try to set the minimum bar at GTX 1060 6gb. Tech powerup has a relative performance index on it that you could use to compare things. It's pretty biased towards nvidia so keep that in mind.
Compatible? Yes. There’s no external power connectors so just plug it in, install drivers and go.
Would I get it though? No. It’s an old low end video card. Your integrated graphics are probably faster so this would be a downgrade.
Your integrated graphics are pretty capable. The RX480/580 (same thing) are about the lowest end I’d consider. The 550 is the same Gen., but 3 tiers lower. I’d also say any card you want to get should have the external power connector. Anything without will probably be a downgrade unless it’s like almost brand new and pretty expensive.