You can toggle mic off through quick tiles to be sure it's off. Same as location, Bluetooth etc.
Tbh I don't believe at all that phones record you, they leak enough info in every other way that they don't need to spy on your conversions.
grapheneOS has a metric shittonne of features that allow much better seperation between apps, sandboxes all Google services so you can control it's permissions (or not use/install them) and much more
You can leak a lot less data with it, not using/installing google services, using PWA/webpage shortcuts instead of apps, focusing on using FOSS software over proprietary, etc
Unfortunately I have an iPhone and don’t really want to switch to another OS. I guess I don’t worry about my privacy enough to make the switch. Any iOS solutions?