I'm an electrical engineer and into ham radio. WiFi is the last of my concerns, health-wise.
To even begin to worry about that I should first start eating healthier, work out more than once a week, and so something about all the microplastic in my brain, I guess. I'm not a medical processional, but it's pretty far down the list. And regarding power consumption.. This thing uses like 10 W, of which probably <1 is influenced by the radio power.
I just like keeping it at a minimum, thinking that maybe it would reduce noise for others.
Not that it really matters to anyone. Just a "feel good" thing.
Unless someone proves my comment to be a bad one in a reply and I consider my comment to have been wrong. (That happened once on Reddit)
I remove the upvote so that when I open up my history, I don't feel weird with everything being blue. <- also, you would probably find my second reason in a previous comment somewhere else
I just looked at my router, it supports max transmit power settings somewhere deep in the menu, I just leave it at maximum/automatic.
I know from debugging my wifi drivers on my laptop that at least that one does adjust its power, I am guessing it works with most other modern devices as well.
I live in a 10-ish story apartment building and according to my router, channel utilisation is <20% for both 2.4 and 5 GHz. So, I guess it just works.
Relative power? A phone and an app that shows you the received signal strength. Wifianalyzer on F-droid for example.
For me, setting it from max power to 6% (lowest value) took it from -30dBm on my couch to -50 dBm, so 20 dB difference, which is ca. 1/100. So it roughly checks out.
Keep in mind that radio waves are magic, and the higher in frequency you go, the darker the magic gets.
Absolute power is hard, especially if you are interested in average power for, like, health concerns. WiFi works in short bursts over a pretty large part of the spectrum, and you'd need calibrated equipment as well. I knew a guy who did radio wave strength mapping for like government, telcos and concerned residents, and he had a car full of tech. Simple field probes can be reasonably priced, but you need to know how to operate and interpret them.