Since Cloudflare published Turnstile I've hated Captchas even more, because Turnstile does it so much better. Captchas are such a hassle. One website I occasionally visit does not keep me logged in and then presents one of the worst captcha puzzle systems. Shitty captchas are a huge barrier.
Turnstile is, in almost all cases, one checkbox to click (I've never been challenged beyond that). All captcha puzzles should be replaced with Turnstile or similar simple (for the user to solve) tech.
The announcement blog post linked on the bottom of the linked Turnstile page has some info on that
For Turnstile, the actual act of checking a box isn’t important, it’s the background data we’re analyzing while the box is checked that matters. We find and stop bots by running a series of in-browser tests, checking browser characteristics, native browser APIs, and asking the browser to pass lightweight tests (ex: proof-of-work tests, proof-of-space tests) to prove that it’s an actual browser. The current deployment of Turnstile checks billions of visitors every day, and we are able to identify browser abnormalities that bots exhibit while attempting to pass those tests.